TOWN PLANNING - STYLES TAKEN

• François Mansart - Precursor of the classical architecture in France (1598-1666)
  Architect and artist, of a great sensitivity and a great ingeniousness, Mansart carried out a very significant work and showed an immense talent. Clearness, subtlety, rigour, richness of imagination characterized his work. Mansart carried art to build with a high degree of perfection. It is the large precursor of the classical architecture in France.

The name of Mansart (or Mansard) is often associated the invention of the gable roof. Actually, the invention of this technique is not due for him. Lescot had used it before him. Mansart practised, in fact, 2 types of truncated roofs:
-The roof right recut by the top and cover of a terrace, used at Balleroy and Maisons according to the example of Luxembourg of Salomon de Brosse.
- The roof gable with a line of break and a small terrace, used at Blois or the hotel of Jars a long time after the new body of the Louvres of Pierre Lescot .

• Baron Eugène Haussman (1809 - 1891)
  During the nineteenth century, and more particularly under the second empire, the town of Paris knew many cartographic upheavals. The baron Haussman was a significant character of the time so far that he primarily directed all interior installations of Paris.
  
  Paris remained a town of medieval aspect, where circulation was done with difficulty in narrow streets, badly paved, transformed into cesspools with the least rain; the drinking water as the sewers are rare. The public opinion claims great work. The new " Prefet of the Seine " appears the right man for the job. Whereas the great imperial festival starts, tens of building sites open in the capital. Thousands of houses are destroyed, one bores broad rectilinear boulevards length whose rise middle-class buildings, and one builds town halls, theatres, churches, but also of the parks, water pipelines and gases.

Haussmann was inspired much the English and London style, with a great speed and on multiple points: utility services, creation of a middle-class city, production of a coherent unit. In the field of hygiene, it made of Paris the certified copy of London with the sewers, transport, markets, barracks.

• "LE CORBUSIER" (Charles-Edouard JEANNERET) (1887 - 1965)
  A revolutionary design of the urban life and use of space. Allied modern architecture with the play of sober surfaces, stripped where the light is diffused between reinforced concrete pillars.

• Classification with the inventory of the historic buildings and inscription with the additional inventory of the historic buildings :
  In France, the law of 1913 makes it possible to classify or register under historic buildings the buildings or the objects "of which conservation present from the point of view of the history or art a public interest". The classification and the inscription protect the monuments from the same manner (any authorization of modification must be requested from the architect of the Building industries of France) but correspond to a degree decreasing urgently and of interest. When a building is classified, the accesses are protected in the same way, in a perimeter of 500 m and of "covisibility".
  
  Protection poses problems of several kinds :
  - which criteria protection to retain ?
  - which cost the community wants it to devote to the protection of the buildings, the more so as their number increases (45.000 today) ?
  - which is the freedom of the owners (larger in the Anglo-Saxon countries) ?

Top